Types of ADHD
Predominantly Inattentive Presentation: Symptoms of primarily having trouble focusing, staying on a task, and having difficulty getting or staying organized.
Predominantly Hyperactive and Impulsive Presentation: Symptoms involve being too active, restless or too much energy.
Combined Presentation: This type is a mix and combination of both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.
Causes & Risk Factors
Exact cause of ADHD is unclear and research efforts continue but are strongly linked to brain development, specifically differences in brain structures & functions. The risk factors includes: * Genetics – often inherited from parents, siblings and relatives with ADHD or any mental health
condition
* Exposure to environmental risks like lead during pregnancy or at a young age
* Alcohol, drug or tobacco use during pregnancy
* Premature birth or low birth weight
Treatment
ADHD, a lifelong condition for many, but possible to manage effectively to improve functioning. Effective treatment plan includes close monitoring, follow-ups and making changes, if needed, along the way. ADHD is best treated by:
* Behavioural Therapy/Support – Involves coaching/training children, parents or adults to develop
coping strategies and organizational skills; highly recommended, especially to children, as first line of treatment before medication is tried.
* Medication – Stimulants or Non-Stimulants medications are given to help balance brain chemicals.
Managing Symptoms
* Staying healthy at all times is essential for all with ADHD. A healthy lifestyle can help deal with
ADHD symptoms easier.
* Develop healthy eating habits -eating heaps of fruit, vegetables, whole grain and choosing lean
protein sources.
* Participate in daily physical activities depending on age.
* Limit to a minimum daily screening time of TV, computer & social media.
Diagnosis
The first step is to talk to a healthcare provider to find out if symptoms fit ADHD diagnosis.
Diagnosis can be made by psychiatrist, psychologist or paediatrician.
From 1 February 2026, the Ministry of Health lets specialist general and nurse practitioners working within their area of practice are able to diagnose and prescribe those with ADHD.
